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The Hamzanama (Persian/Urdu: , Epic of Hamza) or Dastan-e-Amir Hamza (Persian/Urdu: , Adventures of Amir Hamza) narrates the legendary exploits of Amir Hamza, an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, though most of the stories are extremely fanciful, "a continuous series of romantic interludes, threatening events, narrow escapes, and violent acts".〔Beach, 61〕 In the West the work is best known for the enormous illustrated manuscript commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in about 1562. The text augmented the story, as traditionally told in dastan performances. This romance originated more than 1,000 years ago, probably in Persia, and subsequently spread throughout the Islamic world in oral and written forms. The Dastan (story telling tradition) about Amir Hamza persists far and wide up to Bengal and Arakan (Burma) due to Hamza's wide travelling in Persia, Central Asia, India, Himalayan region, Burma and probably in Malay Archipelago in his youth〔see Asim Roy, 1983, ''The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal'', Sterling: New Delhi, pp. 104–5; The Bustan of Amir Hamzah (the Malay version of Dastan-e-Amir Hamza);Farooque Ahmed, ''The Sangai Express''-Imphal, May 25, 2006 Amir Hamza-book review, ''muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/%3Fp%3D1824''〕 ==Akbar's manuscript== Though the first Mughal Emperor, Babur, described the ''Hamzanama'' as "one long far-fetched lie; opposed to sense and nature",〔Beach, 60〕 his grandson Akbar, who came to throne at the age of fourteen, greatly enjoyed it. He commissioned his court workshop to create an illustrated manuscript of the ''Hamzanama'' early in his reign (he was by then about twenty), which was conceived on such an unusually large scale that it took fourteen years, from about 1562 to 1577, to complete. Apart from the text, it included 1400 full page Mughal miniatures of an unusually large size, nearly all painted on paper, which were then glued to a cloth backing. The work was bound in 14 volumes. After the early pages, where various layouts were experimented with, one side of most folios has a painting, about 69 cm x 54 cm (approx. 27 x 20 inches) in size, done in a fusion of Persian and Mughal styles. On the other side is the text in Persian in Nasta'liq script, arranged so that the text is opposite the matching picture in most openings of the book.〔Beach, 61〕 The size of the commission was completely unprecedented, and stretched even the huge imperial workshop. According to contemporary accounts, about thirty main artists were used, and over a hundred men worked on the various aspects of the book in all. According to Badauni and Shahnawaz Khan the work of preparing the illustrations was supervised initially by Mir Sayyid Ali and subsequently by Abdus Samad, the former possibly being replaced as head of the workshop because the pace of production was too slow. After seven years only four volumes were completed, but the new head was able to galvanize production and complete the ten volumes in another seven years, without any loss of quality. Indeed, "the later pages are the most exciting and innovative in the work".〔Beach, 61〕 The colophon of this manuscript is still missing. None of the folios of this manuscript so far found is signed, though many have been attributed to different artists. Compared to Akbar's ''Tutinama'', a smaller commission begun and completed while the ''Hamzanama'' commission was in progress, the manuscript shows a much greater fusion of the styles of Indian and Persian miniatures. Though the elegance and finish may seem closer to Persian works, the compositional style and narrative drama owe more to Indian tradition. Between them, these two manuscripts are the key works in the formation of the Mughal miniature style.〔Grove〕 Only a little over a hundred of the paintings survive. The largest group of 61 images is in the Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna, (Österreichisches Museum für angewandte Kunst or MAK), with the rest spread over many collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum possess 27 images, bought in Kashmir, and the British Museum in London has one.〔Titley, 189; (). Titley says "Only just over one hundred of the paintings have survived", while the V&A says "About 140", but they are counting fragments.〕〔()〕 The MAK organized in 2009 the exhibition ''GLOBAL:LAB, Art as a Message. Asia and Europe 1500-1700'', which showed its whole holding of the ''Hamzanama''.〔(exhibition GLOBAL:LAB, 03.06.2009 - 27.09.2009 ) at the (MAK Vienna )〕 Other recent exhibitions dedicated to the manuscript have been at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 2003 and in 2002/2003 at the Smithsonian in Washington D.C. which transferred to the Brooklyn Museum in New York.〔(V&A )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hamzanama」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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